Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) T. Hansen
Request for Comments: 7677 AT&T Laboratories
Updates: 5802 November 2015
Category: Standards Track
ISSN: 2070-1721
SCRAM-SHA-256 and SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS
Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) Mechanisms
Abstract
This document registers the Simple Authentication and Security Layer
(SASL) mechanisms SCRAM-SHA-256 and SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS, provides
guidance for secure implementation of the original SCRAM-SHA-1-PLUS
mechanism, and updates the SCRAM registration procedures of RFC 5802.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 7677.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
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RFC 7677 SASL SCRAM-SHA-256/SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS November 2015
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Key Word Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. SCRAM-SHA-256 and SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5.1. Updates to SCRAM-* Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5.2. SASL-SCRAM Family Mechanisms Registration Procedure . . . 4
6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1. Introduction
This document registers the SASL mechanisms SCRAM-SHA-256 and SCRAM-
SHA-256-PLUS. SHA-256 has stronger security properties than SHA-1,
and it is expected that SCRAM mechanisms based on it will have
greater predicted longevity than the SCRAM mechanisms based on SHA-1.
The registration form for the SCRAM family of algorithms is also
updated from [RFC 5802].
After publication of [RFC 5802], it was discovered that Transport
Layer Security (TLS) [RFC 5246] does not have the expected properties
for the "tls-unique" channel binding to be secure [RFC 7627].
Therefore, this document contains normative text that applies to both
the original SCRAM-SHA-1-PLUS and the newly introduced SCRAM-SHA-
256-PLUS mechanism.
2. Key Word Definitions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119].
3. SCRAM-SHA-256 and SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS
The SCRAM-SHA-256 and SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS SASL mechanisms are defined
in the same way that SCRAM-SHA-1 and SCRAM-SHA-1-PLUS are defined in
[RFC 5802], except that the hash function for HMAC() and H() uses
SHA-256 instead of SHA-1 [RFC 6234].
For the SCRAM-SHA-256 and SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS SASL mechanisms, the
hash iteration-count announced by a server SHOULD be at least 4096.
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RFC 7677 SASL SCRAM-SHA-256/SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS November 2015
The GSS-API mechanism OID for SCRAM-SHA-256 is 1.3.6.1.5.5.18 (see
Section 5).
This is a simple example of a SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication exchange
when the client doesn't support channel bindings. The username
'user' and password 'pencil' are being used.
C: n,,n=user,r=rOprNGfwEbeRWgbNEkqO
S: r=rOprNGfwEbeRWgbNEkqO%hvYDpWUa2RaTCAfuxFIlj)hNlF$k0,
s=W22ZaJ0SNY7soEsUEjb6gQ==,i=4096
C: c=biws,r=rOprNGfwEbeRWgbNEkqO%hvYDpWUa2RaTCAfuxFIlj)hNlF$k0,
p=dHzbZapWIk4jUhN+Ute9ytag9zjfMHgsqmmiz7AndVQ=
S: v=6rriTRBi23WpRR/wtup+mMhUZUn/dB5nLTJRsjl95G4=
4. Security Considerations
The security considerations from [RFC 5802] still apply.
To be secure, either SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS and SCRAM-SHA-1-PLUS MUST be
used over a TLS channel that has had the session hash extension
[RFC 7627] negotiated, or session resumption MUST NOT have been used.
See [RFC 4270] and [RFC 6194] for reasons to move from SHA-1 to a
strong security mechanism like SHA-256.
The strength of this mechanism is dependent in part on the hash
iteration-count, as denoted by "i" in [RFC 5802]. As a rule of thumb,
the hash iteration-count should be such that a modern machine will
take 0.1 seconds to perform the complete algorithm; however, this is
unlikely to be practical on mobile devices and other relatively low-
performance systems. At the time this was written, the rule of thumb
gives around 15,000 iterations required; however, a hash iteration-
count of 4096 takes around 0.5 seconds on current mobile handsets.
This computational cost can be avoided by caching the ClientKey
(assuming the Salt and hash iteration-count is stable). Therefore,
the recommendation of this specification is that the hash iteration-
count SHOULD be at least 4096, but careful consideration ought to be
given to using a significantly higher value, particularly where
mobile use is less important.
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RFC 7677 SASL SCRAM-SHA-256/SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS November 2015
5. IANA Considerations
5.1. Updates to SCRAM-* Registration
The IANA registry for SCRAM-* (the SCRAM family of SASL mechanisms)
in the SASL mechanism registry ([RFC 4422]) has been updated as
follows. The email address for reviews has been updated, and the
note at the end changed.
To: iana@iana.org
Subject: Registration of a new SASL family SCRAM
SASL mechanism name (or prefix for the family): SCRAM-*
Security considerations: Section 7 of [RFC 5802]
Published specification (optional, recommended): RFC 7677
Person & email address to contact for further information:
IETF KITTEN WG <kitten@ietf.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Owner/Change controller: IESG <iesg@ietf.org>
Note: Members of this family MUST be explicitly registered using
the "IETF Review" [RFC 5226] registration procedure. Reviews
MUST be requested on the KITTEN mailing list kitten@ietf.org
(or a successor designated by the responsible Security AD).
Note to future SCRAM-mechanism designers: each new SASL SCRAM
mechanism MUST be explicitly registered with IANA within the SASL
SCRAM Family Mechanisms registry.
5.2. SASL-SCRAM Family Mechanisms Registration Procedure
A new IANA registry has been added for members of the SCRAM family of
SASL mechanisms, named "SASL SCRAM Family Mechanisms". It adds two
new fields to the existing SCRAM mechanism registry: Minimum
iteration-count and Associated OID. Below is the template for
registration of a new SASL family SCRAM. (Note that the string
"TBD-BY-IANA" should be left as is, so that it may be filled in at
registration time by IANA.)
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RFC 7677 SASL SCRAM-SHA-256/SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS November 2015
To: iana@iana.org
Subject: Registration of a new SASL SCRAM family mechanism
SASL mechanism name (or prefix for the family): SCRAM-<NAME>
Security considerations: Section 7 of [RFC 5802]
Published specification (optional, recommended): RFC 7677
Minimum iteration-count: The minimum hash iteration-count that
servers SHOULD announce
Associated OID: TBD-BY-IANA
Person & email address to contact for further information:
IETF KITTEN WG <kitten@ietf.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Owner/Change controller: IESG <iesg@ietf.org>
Note: Members of this family MUST be explicitly registered using
the "IETF Review" [RFC 5226] registration procedure. Reviews MUST
be requested on the KITTEN mailing list kitten@ietf.org (or a
successor designated by the responsible Security Area Director).
Note: At publication of a new SASL SCRAM Family Mechanism, IANA
SHOULD assign a GSS-API mechanism OID for this mechanism from the
iso.org.dod.internet.security.mechanisms prefix (see the "SMI
Security for Mechanism Codes" registry) and fill in the value for
"TBD-BY-IANA" above. Only one OID needs to be assigned for a
SCRAM-<NAME> and SCRAM-<NAME>-PLUS pair. The same OID should be
assigned to both entries in the registry.
Note to future SASL SCRAM mechanism designers: each new SASL SCRAM
mechanism MUST be explicitly registered with IANA and MUST comply
with the SCRAM-mechanism naming convention defined in Section 4 of
[RFC 5802].
The existing entries for SASL SCRAM-SHA-1 and SCRAM-SHA-1-PLUS have
been moved from the existing SASL mechanism registry to the "SASL
SCRAM Family Mechanisms" registry. At that time, the following
values were added:
Minimum iteration-count: 4096
OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.14 (from [RFC 5802])
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The following new SASL SCRAM mechanisms have been added to the "SASL
SCRAM Family Mechanisms" registry:
To: iana@iana.org
Subject: Registration of a new SASL SCRAM Family mechanism
SCRAM-SHA-256
SASL mechanism name (or prefix for the family): SCRAM-SHA-256
Security considerations: Section 4 of RFC 7677
Published specification (optional, recommended): RFC 7677
Minimum iteration-count: 4096
OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.18
Person & email address to contact for further information:
IETF KITTEN WG <kitten@ietf.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Owner/Change controller: IESG <iesg@ietf.org>
Note:
To: iana@iana.org
Subject: Registration of a new SASL SCRAM Family mechanism
SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS
SASL mechanism name (or prefix for the family): SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS
Security considerations: Section 4 of RFC 7677
Published specification (optional, recommended): RFC 7677
Minimum iteration-count: 4096
OID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.18
Person & email address to contact for further information:
IETF KITTEN WG <kitten@ietf.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Owner/Change controller: IESG <iesg@ietf.org>
Note:
6. References
6.1. Normative References
[RFC 2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC 2119, March 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 2119>.
[RFC 4422] Melnikov, A., Ed. and K. Zeilenga, Ed., "Simple
Authentication and Security Layer (SASL)", RFC 4422,
DOI 10.17487/RFC 4422, June 2006,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 4422>.
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RFC 7677 SASL SCRAM-SHA-256/SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS November 2015
[RFC 5802] Newman, C., Menon-Sen, A., Melnikov, A., and N. Williams,
"Salted Challenge Response Authentication Mechanism
(SCRAM) SASL and GSS-API Mechanisms", RFC 5802,
DOI 10.17487/RFC 5802, July 2010,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 5802>.
[RFC 6234] Eastlake 3rd, D. and T. Hansen, "US Secure Hash Algorithms
(SHA and SHA-based HMAC and HKDF)", RFC 6234,
DOI 10.17487/RFC 6234, May 2011,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 6234>.
[RFC 7627] Bhargavan, K., Ed., Delignat-Lavaud, A., Pironti, A.,
Langley, A., and M. Ray, "Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Session Hash and Extended Master Secret Extension",
RFC 7627, DOI 10.17487/RFC 7627, September 2015,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 7627>.
6.2. Informative References
[RFC 4270] Hoffman, P. and B. Schneier, "Attacks on Cryptographic
Hashes in Internet Protocols", RFC 4270,
DOI 10.17487/RFC 4270, November 2005,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 4270>.
[RFC 5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
DOI 10.17487/RFC 5226, May 2008,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 5226>.
[RFC 6194] Polk, T., Chen, L., Turner, S., and P. Hoffman, "Security
Considerations for the SHA-0 and SHA-1 Message-Digest
Algorithms", RFC 6194, DOI 10.17487/RFC 6194, March 2011,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 6194>.
[RFC 5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
(TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246,
DOI 10.17487/RFC 5246, August 2008,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 5246>.
Acknowledgements
This document benefited from discussions on the KITTEN WG mailing
list. The author would like to specially thank Russ Allbery, Dave
Cridland, Shawn Emery, Stephen Farrell, Simon Josefsson, Pearl Liang,
Alexey Melnikov, Peter Saint-Andre, Robert Sparks, Martin Thompson,
and Nico Williams for their comments on this topic.
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Author's Address
Tony Hansen
AT&T Laboratories
200 Laurel Ave. South
Middletown, NJ 07748
United States
Email: tony+scramsha256@maillennium.att.com
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